The skeletal system in the human body and the effect of exercise on it

Do you know that 206 bones are present in the skeletal system, of which we use only 177 in voluntary movement? There are more than 300 joints in the human body. Bones form by a process called ossification. Some form from connective tissue and this process is called Direct Ossification. Some bones form when the cartilaginous model dissolves and develops into bone cells. This process is Indirect Ossification.

TYPES OF BONES:

1. LONG – humerus
2. SHORT – carpals of hand
3. FLAT – scapulae
4. IRREGULAR – vertebrae
5. SESAMOID – patella

The skeletal system provides support, protection, and bodily movement; it also helps produce blood, stores minerals, and gives shape and form to the body.

A. SUPPORT and PROTECT– tissue, muscles, and vital organs

B. MOVEMENT– bones and attached muscle

C. STORAGE– minerals and immature blood

A. SUPPORT and PROTECT:

1. SKULL – protects the brain.
2. VERTEBRAE – (C1-C7) (T1-T12) (L1-L5), Sacrum, Coccyx – protects the spinal cord.
3. THORACIC CAGE – protects the heart and lungs.

B. MOVEMENT:

Bones act as a lever and provide a solid structure by attaching the muscles. The joints allow movement between the bones.

The types of joints are:

1. NON-SYNOVIAL: sutures of the skull
2. SYNOVIAL: knee
3. GLIDING: carpals of hand
4. CONDYLOID: knee
5. HINGE: elbow
6. SADDLE: carpometacarpal
7. PIVOT: radioulnar
8. BALL AND SOCKET: shoulder

Joint connectivity:

1. Cartilage – covers and protects the ends of the bone
2. Tendons – connect muscle to the bones
3. Synovial membrane – produces synovial fluid
4. Ligaments – connects bone to bone
5. Bursa – situated between tendon and bone, prevents rubbing

C. STORAGE:

The bones contain red marrow that produces red and white blood cells and platelets.

Effect of exercise on the skeletal system:

1. Greater peak bone mass.
2. Weight-bearing exercise helps strengthen bones.
3. Muscle strength, coordination, and balance help prevent fall-related fractures.
4. More mineral salts get deposited.
5. It helps produce more collagenous fibers.
6. Increase in density and size of the bone.

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